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Two Legacy Tree Care arborists measuring the trunk of a mature oak with a diameter tape and checking it against a site plan, outside a commercial office building

Read From The Ordinance Itself

Tree Mitigation Plans And What A Removal Really Costs

The formula changes at the city line. So does the bill.

Mitigation is the number that decides whether a removal is a line item or a problem, and no two cities here compute it the same way. This is what each one actually asks for, read from the ordinance rather than from a summary of it.

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  • Serving the Plano Area Since 2005
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Mitigation Is Where The Money Actually Is

Permits get the attention. Mitigation gets the invoice.

The permit is a process question: what to submit and how long it takes. Mitigation is an arithmetic question, and the arithmetic is set by a city ordinance that stops at the city line. Two identical office parks eight miles apart, same trees, same removal, can carry obligations that differ by a factor of three.

What follows is how each of the nine cities in our service area computes it. Every line came from that city’s own code.

Nine Cities, Nine Formulas.

City How Mitigation Is Computed
Plano Inch for inch from 8 to 30 inches, then 1.5:1 above 30. The preservation plan is the permit
Frisco A percentage of diameter at DBH, banded at 0, 100, 150 and 300% for the largest trees
Garland Class-based ratios by species, from 2:1 down to 0.25:1
Carrollton 100% of the DBH removed, with replacement stock scaling 3, 4 and 6 inches
Allen A credit ledger rather than a ratio. You owe only if the net goes negative
McKinney 1:1 up to 16 inches, 1:2 from 17 inches and above
Dallas Ratio-based, but a waiver covers the build footprint and is capped at 70% of the site
Wylie No ratio at all. Enforcement is criminal, at $100 per caliper inch on conviction or equivalent replacement
Richardson Nothing to compute. There’s no private-property regime to mitigate against

No two of those are the same instrument, and that’s not a quirk of how the table is written. Ratios, percentages, ledgers, species classes and criminal penalties are five genuinely different ways of pricing the same act.

The Inch That Doubles What You Owe

Two cities step their obligation up at a single diameter, and both steps are knowable from a tape measure before anything is decided.

  • Measured Before It's Decided

    A Legacy Tree Care arborist holding a diameter tape around a large tree trunk while carrying a clipboard, at a commercial property

    Diameter is the input to every formula on this page. Garland steps up at eighteen inches and McKinney’s ratio doubles at seventeen, and McKinney rounds fractions to the nearest whole number, so sixteen and a half counts as seventeen.

  • The Exemption List First

    A numbered metal survey tag on a tree trunk, with a Legacy Tree Care arborist behind holding an open site plan and looking up into the canopy at a construction site

    On most commercial sites the exemptions move the number further than the ratio does. Which trees fall outside protection, and where the development footprint sits, usually decides more of the bill than the multiplier applied to what’s left.

  • Planted And Then Kept Alive

    A Legacy Tree Care arborist filling in a written condition report on a clipboard, resting on the open tailgate of a pickup with a rolled site plan and a tape measure beside him

    The obligation doesn’t end at planting. Carrollton carries two years past project completion, Allen three under a mitigation agreement, and Dallas makes the replacement a protected tree in its own right.

The Waivers Are Worth More Than The Ratios

Dallas is the clearest case. It waives mitigation across the development impact area, which sounds generous until you read the limits, and the limits are where commercial sites land.

The building official can’t waive mitigation for more than 70% of the tree removal property. Past that it applies pro-rata, and the code carries its own worked example: at an 85% impact area, 15% of the trees removed must be mitigated. Non-required parking is excluded on the same basis, with a second worked example of 450 spaces required against 521 provided. And the waiver never reaches a significant tree.

McKinney gets to a similar place by a different route. Its exemptions are broad enough that commercial mitigation cost is driven almost entirely by its largest specimen trees and by whatever sits outside the footprint. Wylie doesn’t exempt so much as define around it: trees in easements, rights-of-way and the buildable area of a lot fall outside the protected set to begin with.

Read the carve-outs before the multiplier. A 2:1 ratio on trees that turn out to be exempt costs nothing, and a 1:1 ratio on a site with no waiver available costs a great deal.

Injuring A Tree And Removing One Aren’t Different Things

Four of these cities write injury into the same prohibition as removal, which catches sites that never intended to remove anything at all.

Garland’s civil penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars per diameter inch applies to a tree removed or injured, and it names failing to comply with tree protection as the trigger. Wylie’s misdemeanor provision covers a tree that dies from a failure to follow required protection measures. Dallas goes furthest, with a five-year decline standard that expressly includes topping and soil compaction.

Which means the trench that severed a root plate and the compaction under a laydown yard are both mitigation events, eighteen months later, when the tree finally shows it.

What A Mitigation Plan Has To Show

The document itself isn’t complicated once the measurements exist: what’s there, what’s going, what the ordinance charges for it, and what settles the obligation. The work is in the inputs, not the format.

That means diameters measured rather than estimated, species identified accurately enough to survive a class-based ratio, the footprint drawn against the trees rather than the other way around, and the exemption list applied before anything is priced.

Do that at design stage and mitigation becomes a figure you plan around. Do it after the permit condition arrives and it becomes the thing that moves the schedule.

Frequently Asked Questions

It's the document that says what you're removing, what the ordinance charges you for removing it, and what you'll plant or pay to settle that. In some cities it's a standalone submission and in others it lives inside a preservation plan or a landscape plan. The name changes; the arithmetic is the part that matters.

Differently in every city here, which is the whole difficulty. Plano works inch for inch up to thirty inches and 1.5 to 1 above it. Frisco charges a percentage of diameter in four bands reaching 300%. Garland uses species class. Allen runs a credit ledger. McKinney doubles at seventeen inches. The only reliable answer is the one computed against your site's own measurements.

In some cities, yes. Dallas takes cash into a Reforestation Fund, and at least half of each year's fund has to go to planting on public property or acquiring conservation easements or wooded property. Wylie's penalty provision is payable to the city and deposited to support supplemental landscape planting in public areas. Where cash is allowed it's usually the more expensive route, not the cheaper one.

Exemption lists differ as much as the formulas and they're usually where the real money sits. McKinney exempts a great deal outside its specimen category, which pushes commercial mitigation cost onto large trees and onto anything beyond the development footprint. Wylie defines protection so that trees in easements, rights-of-way and the buildable area of a lot fall outside it. Reading the exemption list first is often worth more than reading the ratio.

In two cities, yes. Garland's obligation steps up at eighteen inches and McKinney's replacement ratio moves from 1:1 to 1:2 at seventeen. McKinney also rounds fractional diameters to the nearest whole number, so a tree measuring sixteen and a half inches is treated as seventeen. All of that is knowable from a tape measure before anything is decided.

Longer than most projects assume. Carrollton runs two years from project completion. Allen runs three, written into a tree mitigation agreement. Dallas takes a different route and makes a replacement tree a protected tree in its own right, which means removing it later starts the whole process again.

It depends which side of a city line you're on. Garland assesses civil penalties of two hundred and fifty dollars per diameter inch of tree removed or injured. Wylie treats it as a misdemeanor, at one hundred dollars per caliper inch on conviction or equivalent replacement. Both cities apply the same exposure to injuring a tree as to removing one.

That's the useful time to do it. Mitigation is driven by measured diameters, species and where the trees sit relative to the footprint, and all three are known before a shovel moves. Running the numbers at design stage turns mitigation into a figure you can plan around rather than one that arrives with a permit condition attached.

Where To Start

Three Ways To Settle The Compliance Question

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  • Commercial Property Specialists

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